Middle Ages
Holy Roman Empire
962 AD – 1450 AD · peak 1200 AD
The Holy Roman Empire (962–1806 AD) was a decentralized elective monarchy comprising hundreds of smaller political entities across Central Europe. The empire was characterized by the Golden Bull of 1356, which codified the electoral process, and the ongoing Investiture Controversy between emperors and the Papacy. It was formally dissolved in 1806 AD during the Napoleonic Wars following the victory of French forces at the Battle of Austerlitz.
Capital: Aachen / Praga
Key figures
Battles in this period
Trade routes in use
- Silk Road (130 BC – 1450 AD)
- Trans-Saharan Gold Route (700 AD – 1500 AD)
- Route from the Varangians to the Greeks (800 AD – 1100 AD)
- Hanseatic League (1200 AD – 1600 AD)
- Indian Ocean Spice Route (800 AD – 1500 AD)