Classical Antiquity
Kingdoms of Israel and Judah
1030 BC – 586 BC · peak 950 BC
The kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged in the Levantine highlands during the Iron Age, with capitals at Samaria and Jerusalem. Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 722 BC, while Judah survived as a vassal kingdom before the Neo-Babylonian conquest of 586 BC. The destruction of the First Temple and the Babylonian exile deeply shaped Jewish history.
Capital: Samaria / Gerusalemme
Trade routes in use
- Amber Road (1500 BC – 500 AD)
- Incense Route (1000 BC – 400 AD)
- Phoenician Mediterranean Routes (1100 BC – 300 BC)