Classical Antiquity
Macedonian Empire
336 BC – 323 BC · peak 323 BC
The Macedonian Empire (336–323 BC) expanded rapidly under Alexander the Great, stretching from the Aegean Sea to the Indus River within twelve years. This period initiated the Hellenistic era, characterized by the synthesis of Greek and Near Eastern cultures and the founding of cities like Alexandria. Upon Alexander's death in Babylon, the territory was partitioned by his generals, the Diadochi, into the Seleucid, Ptolemaic, and Antigonid kingdoms.
Capital: Babylon (progettata)
Key figures
Battles in this period
Trade routes in use
- Amber Road (1500 BC – 500 AD)
- Incense Route (1000 BC – 400 AD)
- Persian Royal Road (500 BC – 300 BC)
- Phoenician Mediterranean Routes (1100 BC – 300 BC)