Classical Antiquity
Ptolemaic Kingdom
305 BC – 30 BC · peak 270 BC
The Ptolemaic Kingdom was founded in Egypt by Ptolemy I after Alexander the Great's death and ruled from 305 to 30 BC. With its capital at Alexandria, it combined Greco-Macedonian institutions with pharaonic traditions, supporting the Library and the Mouseion. The dynasty ended with Cleopatra VII and the Roman annexation of Egypt after the defeat at Actium.
Capital: Alessandria d'Egitto
Battles in this period
Trade routes in use
- Amber Road (1500 BC – 500 AD)
- Incense Route (1000 BC – 400 AD)
- Persian Royal Road (500 BC – 300 BC)
- Phoenician Mediterranean Routes (1100 BC – 300 BC)
- Alexandria–Rome Grain Route (30 BC – 400 AD)
- Silk Road (130 BC – 1450 AD)