Contemporary Era

Russian Federation

1991 AD – 2026 AD · peak 2000 AD

Formed following the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation emerged as a nuclear-armed state and a major global exporter of hydrocarbons under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin. Operating from its capital in Moscow, the state asserted regional dominance through conflicts in Chechnya and Georgia, followed by the 2014 annexation of Crimea. The 2022 invasion of Ukraine led to significant international sanctions and increased geopolitical isolation.

Capital: Moscow